Pathogenesis and treatments cliodhna browne tsmj issue 10 2009 30 abstract multiple myeloma is a clonal b cell malignancy involving terminally differentiated plasma cells. In germany there are around 6500 new cases of multiple myeloma each. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease have been clarified to a large extent, mm remains an incurable disease with low life expectancy. Multiple myeloma and related disorders pathophysiology. Hyperdiploid myeloma is characterized by multiple trisomies of chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9 11, 15, 19 and 21, and lacks recurrent immunoglobulin gene translocations. As the name implies, at diagnosis, multiple myeloma typically involves multiple bones of the axial skeleton, particularly the vertebrae, skull, proximal long bones of the extremities, and ribs. Much insight has been gained into the molecular pathways that lead to myeloma and indeed much more remains to.
Myeloma is called multiple because it frequently involves multiple areas in the body. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging. Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer that occurs due to abnormal and uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This handbook is an indepth and comprehensive guide to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, staging, treatment and management of patients with multiple myeloma.
We see a world where every person has precisely what he or she. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pdf despite therapeutic advances over the past decades, multiple myeloma mm remains a largely incurable disease with poor prognosis in highrisk. Multiple myeloma mm, also known as plasma cell myeloma and simple myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Multiple myeloma accounts for around 1% of all cancers worldwide and 1015% of all hematological neoplasms. The bone marrow produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. Multiple myeloma is a malignant disorder characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells. What is the pathophysiology of solitary plasmacytoma. Get an overview of multiple myeloma and the latest key statistics in the us. Learn about the risk factors for multiple myeloma and what you might be able to do to help lower your risk. It is characterized by a multifocal proliferation of clonal, longlived plasma cells within the bone marrow. Advanced pathophysiology, hematology, multiple myeloma. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of multiple myeloma jatin shah, md, explains that there is no clear reason for why patients develop multiple myeloma, and so theres no clear risk factor.
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and in the majority of cases, findings of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Multiple myeloma mm, also known as symptomatic plasma cell myeloma, is a plasma cell malignancy. New insights into the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma. What is the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma mm. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer after leukemia. Multiple myeloma is the most common primary bone neoplasm, arising from a single clone of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow the malignant plasma cells produce a protein protein m that is. First described in 1848, mm is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein m protein. Multiple myeloma genetic and rare diseases information. Multiple myeloma symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and in the majority of cases, findings of.
Epidemiology and pathophysiology multiple myeloma accounts for 1. It will help you learn medical terms and concepts you may not have encountered before. In germany there are around 6500 new cases of multiple myeloma each year and it is the third most commonly occurring disease of the blood after leukemia and nonhodgkin lymphoma. The handbook was commissioned to address an unmet need for a book. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of multiple myeloma. It is characterised by a clonal population of bone marrow plasma cells which secrete a monoclonal. Multiple myeloma is a heamatologic malignancy caused by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells, associated with bone disease and hypercalcaemia as its primary metabolic complication. Multiple myeloma is a cancer that develops in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue found in the center of most bones. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer that affects bone marrow, the spongy soft tissue that lies within the hollow centre of some bones. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in which abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow and occasionally in other parts of the body. In 2015, an estimated 28,850 new cases of multiple. Pdf immunotherapy for multiple myeloma researchgate. Start studying advanced pathophysiology, hematology, multiple myeloma.
Some people with multiple myeloma, especially those with. This book, written by internationally acknowledged experts, covers a wide range of topics relating to multiple myeloma, including history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, staging, and prognostic systems. Multiple myeloma dr harpreet singh bhatia dmch, ludhiana,punjab 2. Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma early detection, diagnosis, and staging 1. Mm is preceded by an ageprogressive premalignant condition termed. A solitary bone plasmacytoma sbp arises from the plasma cells located in the bone marrow, whereas an extramedullary plasmacytoma.
Recently the biologic mechanism involved in the imbalance between osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition induced by multiple myeloma cells has begun to be clarified. Multiple myeloma mm is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by terminally differentiated plasma cells, infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells, and the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin or. Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the frequent development of osteolytic bone lesions. Malignanat b cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the marrow with plasma. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of multiple myeloma.
This has led to remarkable progress in both diagnosis. Multiple myeloma merck manuals professional edition. Multiple myeloma mm is a plasma bcell malignancy that is characterized by the presence of clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, monoclonal protein in blood or urine. For understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma, features of the malignant clone and changes induced by the bonemarrow microenvironment are equally important. Handbook of multiple myeloma mohamad mohty springer. Multiple myeloma mm is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance mgus to plasma cell leukemia. Multiple myeloma mm is a neoplasm of postgerminal center, terminally differentiated b cells. It is characterized by a multifocal proliferation of clonal, longlived plasma cells within the bone marrow bm and associated skeletal destruction, serum monoclonal gammopathy, immune suppression, and endorgan sequelae. Multiple myeloma symptoms, pathophysiology and diagnosis. Common manifestations include lytic lesions in bones causing pain. Multiple myeloma is divided into two distinct genetic subtypes based on chromosome content.
The patient handbook focuses on the questions and decisions that a newly diagnosed patient faces. This book, written by internationally acknowledged experts, covers a wide range of topics relating to multiple myeloma, including history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, staging, and. Multiple myeloma is a malignant or cancerous disease of the monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Osteosclerotic myeloma may be considered a rare variant of multiple myeloma, composing only 3% of all patients with myeloma. Multiple myeloma, malignant proliferation of cells within the bone marrow that usually occurs during middle age or later and increases in occurrence with age.